The principal equipment in a basketball game is the basketball itself. In the early days, basketball was played with a soccer ball. But nowadays there are standard basketballs, made of good quality material for outer cover and proper indented surface for grip and control. Brown, orange are the two popular colors of basketball, though orange is the regulation color of a basketball. Let us discuss below the sizes, materials, weights, qualities, constructions of basketball etc.
Basketball Materials
Basketball covers are constructed from several materials. It provide options for comfortable handling and for play on various surface. The covering of the ball is usually leather, rubber, composition, or synthetic.
- Leather Basketball: Leather Basketball is mainly used for indoor play and it is the choice of professional leagues. It provides a greater control and grip. These leather basketball provide a softer feel.
- Composite or Synthetic Rubber Ball: Synthetic basketball is used for indoor as well as outdoor play. This basketball feels like leather, but more durable and moisture resistant. Usually synthetic rubber basketball is made from polyurethane (PU) or polyvinyl chlorides (PVC). PU balls are of higher quality than PVC synthetic basketball. PU synthetic balls are usually comparable in price to leather. But they are more costly than the PVC synthetic balls.
- Rubber Basketball:Rubber basketball are good for indoor and outdoor use. They are very durable and inexpensive. These basketballs are harder than leather ones
and have a rougher feel. These balls are mainly designed to take the
wear and tear of the outdoors.
The inside of a basketball consists of a bladder (which holds air) and the carcass. The bladder is made of butyl rubber, and the carcass made of nylon or polyester treads. Preprinted decals are used to label the ball, or to imprint label information foil is used. Copper and zinc plates are used in a press to either affix the decals or imprint the foil.
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Basketball Size
Most manufacturers design basketballs according to rules and
regulations provided by repective governing bodies. The size and weight
of basketballs vary for youth, male, and female.
| Gender |
Circumference |
Weight |
| Youth |
27-28 inches |
16-18 ounces |
| Male |
29.5-30 inches |
20-22 ounces |
| Female |
28.5-29 inches |
18-20 ounces |
Basketball Circumference &
Weight
Basketball has different circumference and weight for men and women.The
ralated data is as follows:
| Basketball |
Circumference |
Weight |
| Men |
30 inches (76cm) |
600g ( 1 lb 5 oz ) |
| Women |
29 inches (73 cm) |
540 g ( 1 lb 3 oz ) |
Basketball Inflation
Inflation of the basket ball is based on the height of the ball's bounce. Inside the casing or covering, there is a rubber bladder which holds air. The ball must be inflated to a pressure which is sufficient to make it rebound to a height of 1.2-1.4 m when it is dropped on a solid wooden floor and the starting height from which the ball is thrown should be 1.80 m measured from the bottom of the ball.
Basketball Construction
A basketball has several layers which perform different functions.
Let's know about the construction of basketball.
- Bladder: The bladder is the most
important part of a basketball as it is reponsible for holding the
air inside the ball. It is the strongest part of a basketball and is
usually made of rubber or butyl rubber.
- Thread Windings: usually made of
polyester or nylon are wrapped around the bladder to maintain its
shape.
- Carcass: reinforces the inner
components and covers the windings, and generally made of a thick
rubber material.
- Cover: The cover is serarated and
cut into 8 separate panels and then bonded to the carcass.
- Channels: are the visible black
lines that seal the leather strips together. Depending on their
width, they are often referred to as wide or narrow and are no
larger than 0.25 inches.
- Pebbles: are the visible
indentations on the cover of the basketball that provide texture.
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